Glosses for Morphological Analyzer

Derivations are indicated by "^DB"


i) Major Root Parts of Speech

+NounNoun
+AdjAdjective
+AdvAdverb
+CondCondition
+DetDeterminer
+DupDuplicator
+InterjInterjection
+QuesQuestion
+VerbVerb
+PostpPostpositive
+NumNumber
+PronPronoun
+PuncPunctuation


ii) Minor Parts of Speech

These typically follow one other Major POS's to further subdivide


after +Num:

+CardCardinal
+OrdOrdinal
+PercentPercentage
+RangeRange
+RealReal
+RatioRatio
+DistribDistribution
+TimeTime


after ^DB +Noun

+Inf Infinitive
+PastPart Past Participle
+FutPart Future Participle


after +Noun

+Prop Proper Noun

after ^DB +Adj
+PastPart Past Participle
+FutPart Future Participle
+PresPart Present Particple


after +Pron (The P at the end is for distinguishing from other similar glosses elsewhere)

+DemonsPDemonstrative Pronoun
+QuesP Question Pronoun
+ReflexP Reflexive Pronoun
+PersP Personal Pronoun
+QuantP Quantifying Pronoun


iii) Nominal forms (Nouns, Derived Nouns, Derived Nominals, Pronouns) get the following inflectional markers

Number/Person Agreement + Possessive Agreement + Case


Number/Person Agreement is indicated by the following

+A1sg 1. singular
+A2sg 2. singular
+A3sg 3. singular
+A1pl 1. plural
+A2pl 2. plural
+A3pl 3. plural


Singular nouns are +A3sg, Plural nouns are +A3pl


Possessive Agreement is indicated by the following:

+P1sg 1. singular
+P2sg 2. singular
+P3sg 3. singular
+P1pl 1. plural
+P2pl 2. plural
+P3pl 3. plural
+PnonPronoun (no overt agreement)


Case are indicated by the following:

+NomNominative
+AccAccusative/Objective
+DatDative (to ...)
+AblAblative (from ...)
+LocLocative (on/at/in ...)
+GenGenitive (of ....)
+InsInstrumental (with ...)
+EquEquative (by (object) in passive sentences)


iv) Adjectives (basic or derived) do not take any inflection, except +Adj+PastPart and +Adj+FutPart will have a +Pxxx to mark verbal agreement. Any other inflection to adjectives imply type-raising to nouns and the inflection goes to the noun after a 0-morpheme derivation.


v) Verbs have 2 sets of markers which are treated as derivations


1) Voice

^DB+Verb+PassPassive
^DB+Verb+CausCausative
^DB+Verb+ReflexReflexive
^DB+Verb+RecipPeciprocal


A verb form may have multiple causative markers


2) Compounding/Modality

^DB+Verb+Ableable to verb
^DB+Verb+Repeatverb repeatedly
^DB+Verb+Hastilyverb hastily
^DB+Verb+EverSincehave been verbing ever since
^DB+Verb+Almostalmost verbed but did not
^DB+Verb+Staystayed/frozen while verbing
^DB+Verb+Startstart verbing immediately


3) Polarity

+Pos Positive
+Neg Negative


4) Tense - Aspect - Mood markers


Verbs may have 1 or 2 such markers

+PastPast tense
+NarrNarrative past tense
+FutFuture tense
+AorAorist, may indicate, habitual, present, future you name it
+PresPresent tense
+DesrDesire/wish
+CondConditional
+NecesNecessitative, must
+OptOptative, let me/him/her verb
+ImpImperative
+Prog1Present continuous, process
+Prog2 Present continuous, state


5) Verbs also have Person/Number Agreement markers (see nouns)


6) Occasionally finite verbs with have a +Cop marker. This adds either "uncertainty" or "certainty" to the verbal predication depending on the context.


vi) Semantic markers for derivations.

The following semantic markers are added after various derivations to mark the semantics of the derived forms


After ^DB+Adv from verbs

+AfterDoingSo
+SinceDoingSo
+As
+When
+ByDoingSo
+While
+AsIf
+WithoutHavingDoneSo


After ^DB+Adv after adjectives

+Ly corresponds to English slow -> slowly


After ^DB+Adv after temporal nouns

+Since


After ^DB+Adj from Nouns

+With
+Without
+FitFor
+InBetween this actually in productive compounding
+Agt Property of being involved in someway with the stem noun kitap (book) kitapçı (property of being a bookseller


After ^DB+Noun from Adjectives

+Dim Diminutive
+Ness as in Red vs Redness


After ^DB+Noun from Nouns

+Agt someone involved in some way with the stem noun


After ^DB+Verb

+Becometo become like the noun or adj in the stem
+Acquireto acquire the noun in the stem


Generally +Zero after a derivation indicates it is a type raised with a 0 morpheme.


vii) The following will follow a postposition to indicate the case of the preceding nominal it will subcategorize for.

+PCAbl
+PCAcc
+PCDat
+PCGen
+PCIns
+PCNom